世界各国

Fiji

Introduction to Fiji

Fiji became independent in 1970, after nearly a century as a British colony. Democratic rule was interrupted by two military coups in 1987, caused by concern over a government perceived as dominated by the Indian community (descendants of contract laborers brought to the islands by the British in the 19th century). A 1990 constitution favored native Melanesian control of Fiji, but led to heavy Indian emigration; the population loss resulted in economic difficulties, but ensured that Melanesians became the majority. Amendments enacted in 1997 made the constitution more equitable. Free and peaceful elections in 1999 resulted in a government led by an Indo-Fijian, but a coup in May 2000 ushered in a prolonged period of political turmoil. Parliamentary elections held in August 2001 provided Fiji with a democratically elected government and gave a mandate to the government of Prime Minister Laisenia QARASE.

Government

Capital:

Suva (Viti Levu)

Independence:

10 October 1970 (from UK) 

National holiday:

Independence Day, second Monday of October (1970)

Economy

Economy overview:

Fiji, endowed with forest, mineral, and fish resources, is one of the most developed of the Pacific island economies, though still with a large subsistence sector. Sugar exports and a growing tourist industry - with 300,000 to 400,000 tourists annually - are the major sources of foreign exchange. Sugar processing makes up one-third of industrial activity. Long-term problems include low investment, uncertain land ownership rights, and the government's ability to manage its budget. Yet short-run economic prospects are good, provided tensions do not again erupt between indigenous Fijians and Indo-Fijians.

GDP:

purchasing power parity - $5.012 billion (2004 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:

agriculture: 16.6%
industry: 22.4%
services: 61% (2001 est.)

Agriculture products:

sugarcane, coconuts, cassava (tapioca), rice, sweet potatoes, bananas; cattle, pigs, horses, goats; fish

Industries:

tourism, sugar, clothing, copra, gold, silver, lumber, small cottage industries

Transportation

Waterways:

203 km
note: 122 km navigable by motorized craft and 200-metric-ton barges (2004)

Ports and harbors:

Lambasa, Lautoka, Levuka, Malau, Savusavu, Suva, Vuda

Merchant marine:

total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 6,372 GRT/7,453 DWT
foreign-owned: Australia 1, Singapore 1 (2003 est.)
by type: chemical tanker 1, passenger 1

Airports:

28 (2003 est.)

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