世界各国

Maldives

Introduction to Maldives

The Maldives were long a sultanate, first under Dutch and then under British protection. They became a republic in 1968, three years after independence. Tourism and fishing are being developed on the archipelago.

Government

Capital:

Male 

Independence:

26 July 1965 (from UK) 

National holiday:

Independence Day, 26 July (1965) 

Economy

Economy overview:

Tourism, Maldives' largest industry, accounts for 20% of GDP and more than 60% of the Maldives' foreign exchange receipts. Over 90% of government tax revenue comes from import duties and tourism-related taxes. Fishing is a second leading sector. The Maldivian Government began an economic reform program in 1989 initially by lifting import quotas and opening some exports to the private sector. Subsequently, it has liberalized regulations to allow more foreign investment. Agriculture and manufacturing continue to play a lesser role in the economy, constrained by the limited availability of cultivable land and the shortage of domestic labor. Most staple foods must be imported. Industry, which consists mainly of garment production, boat building, and handicrafts, accounts for about 18% of GDP. Maldivian authorities worry about the impact of erosion and possible global warming on their low-lying country; 80% of the area is one meter or less above sea level. 

GDP:

purchasing power parity -$25 billion (2002 est.) 

GDP - composition by sector:

agriculture: 20%
industry: 18%
services: 62% (2000 est.)

Agriculture products:

coconuts, corn, sweet potatoes; fish 

Industries:

fish processing, tourism, shipping, boat building, coconut processing, garments, woven mats, rope, handicrafts, coral and sand mining 

Transportation

Ports and harbors:

Gan, Male

Merchant marine:

total: 16 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 54,164 GRT/68,973 DWT
registered in other countries: 2 (2003 est.)
by type: cargo 13, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 1, short-sea/passenger 1
foreign-owned: North Korea 1

Airports:

5 (2003 est.)

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