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Morocco

Introduction to Morocco

Morocco's long struggle for independence from France ended in 1956. The internationalized city of Tangier was turned over to the new country that same year. Morocco virtually annexed Western Sahara during the late 1970s, but final resolution on the status of the territory remains unresolved. Gradual political reforms in the 1990s resulted in the establishment of a bicameral legislature in 1997. Parliamentary elections were held for the second time in September 2002 and municipal elections were held in September 2003.

Government

Capital:

Rabat 

Independence:

2 March 1956 (from France) 

National holiday:

Throne Day (accession of King MOHAMED VI to the throne), 30 July (1999) 

Economy

Economy overview:

Morocco faces the problems typical of developing countries - restraining government spending, reducing constraints on private activity and foreign trade, and achieving sustainable economic growth. Despite structural adjustment programs supported by the IMF, the World Bank, and the Paris Club, the dirham is only fully convertible for current account transactions. Reforms of the financial sector are being contemplated. Droughts depressed activity in the key agricultural sector and contributed to a stagnant economy in 2002. Morocco reported large foreign exchange inflows from the sale of a mobile telephone license, and partial privatization of the state-owned telecommunications company and the state tobacco company. Favorable rainfall in 2003 led to a growth of 6%. Formidable long-term challenges include: preparing the economy for freer trade with the EU and US, improving education, and attracting foreign investment to boost living standards and job prospects for Morocco's youth. 

GDP:

purchasing power parity -$28.3 billion (2004 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:

agriculture: 22.9%
industry: 35.5%
services: 41.5% (2004 est.)

Agriculture products:

barley, wheat, citrus, wine, vegetables, olives; livestock 

Industries:

phosphate rock mining and processing, food processing, leather goods, textiles, construction, tourism 

Transportation

Pipelines:

gas 695 km; oil 285 km (2003)

Ports and harbors:

Agadir, El Jadida, Casablanca, El Jorf Lasfar, Kenitra, Mohammedia, Nador, Rabat, Safi, Tangier; also Spanish-controlled Ceuta and Melilla

Merchant marine:

total: 35 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 236,131 GRT/252,367 DWT
by type: cargo 8, chemical tanker 7, container 7, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 5, roll on/roll off 5, short-sea/passenger 2
foreign-owned: France 1, Germany 2, Greece 1, Hong Kong 1, Netherlands 2, Norway 2, United Kingdom 1 (2003 est.)

Airports:

64 (2003 est.)

 

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