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New Caledonia

Introduction to New Caledonia

Settled by both Britain and France during the first half of the 19th century, the island was made a French possession in 1853. It served as a penal colony for four decades after 1864. Agitation for independence during the 1980s and early 1990s has dissipated.

Government

Capital:

Noumea 

National holiday:

Bastille Day, 14 July (1789) 

Economy

Economy overview:

New Caledonia has about 25% of the world's known nickel resources. Only a small amount of the land is suitable for cultivation, and food accounts for about 20% of imports. In addition to nickel, substantial financial support from France - equal to more than one-fourth of GDP - and tourism are keys to the health of the economy. Substantial new investment in the nickel industry, combined with the recovery of global nickel prices, brightens the economic outlook for the next several years. 

GDP:

purchasing power parity - $3.158 billion (2003 est.) 

GDP - composition by sector:

agriculture: 5%
industry: 30%
services: 65% (1997 est.)

Agriculture products:

vegetables; beef, deer, other livestock products 

Industries:

nickel mining and smelting 

Transportation

Highways:

total: 4,825 km
paved: 2,287 km
unpaved: 2,538 km (1999)

Ports and harbors:

Mueo, Noumea, Thio

Merchant marine:

total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,261 GRT/1,600 DWT
registered in other countries: 1 (2003 est.)
foreign-owned: Malaysia 1
by type: cargo 1

Airports:

25 (2003 est.)

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