世界各国

Syria

Introduction to Syria

Following the breakup of the Ottoman Empire during World War I, Syria was administered by the French until independence in 1946. In the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, Syria lost the Golan Heights to Israel. Since 1976, Syrian troops have been stationed in Lebanon, ostensibly in a peacekeeping capacity. In recent years, Syria and Israel have held occasional peace talks over the return of the Golan Heights.

Government

Capital:

Damascus 

Independence:

17 April 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under French administration) 

National holiday:

Independence Day, 17 April (1946) 

Economy

Economy overview:

Syria's predominantly statist economy lately has been growing more slowly than its 2.4% annual population growth rate. Recent legislation allows private banks to operate in Syria, although a private banking sector will take years and further government cooperation to develop. Factors, including the war between the US-led coalition and Iraq, probably drove real annual GDP growth levels back below 1% in 2003 following growth of 3.5% in 2001 and 4.5% in 2002. A long-run economic constraint is the pressure on water supplies caused by rapid population growth, industrial expansion, and increased water pollution. 

GDP:

purchasing power parity - $58.01 billion (2004 est.) 

GDP - composition by sector:

agriculture: 28.5%
industry: 29.4%
services: 42.1% (2003 est.) 

Agriculture products:

wheat, barley, cotton, lentils, chickpeas, olives, sugar beets; beef, mutton, eggs, poultry, milk 

Industries:

petroleum, textiles, food processing, beverages, tobacco, phosphate rock mining 

Transportation

Waterways:

900 km (not economically significant) (2002)

Pipelines:

gas 2,300 km; oil 2,183 km (2003)

Ports and harbors:

Baniyas, Jablah, Latakia, Tartus

Merchant marine:

total: 122 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 446,981 GRT/636,620 DWT
foreign-owned: Egypt 1, Germany 1, Greece 1, Italy 1, Lebanon 10, Romania 1
registered in other countries: 83 (2003 est.)
by type: bulk 12, cargo 101, container 2, livestock carrier 4, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 1

Airports:

93 (2003 est.)

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