世界各国
Syria
Introduction to Syria
Following the breakup of the Ottoman Empire during World War I, Syria was administered by the French until independence in 1946. In the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, Syria lost the Golan Heights to Israel. Since 1976, Syrian troops have been stationed in Lebanon, ostensibly in a peacekeeping capacity. In recent years, Syria and Israel have held occasional peace talks over the return of the Golan Heights.
Government
Capital:
Damascus
Independence:
17 April 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under French administration)
National holiday:
Independence Day, 17 April (1946)
Economy
Economy overview:
Syria's predominantly statist economy lately has been growing more slowly than its 2.4% annual population growth rate. Recent legislation allows private banks to operate in Syria, although a private banking sector will take years and further government cooperation to develop. Factors, including the war between the US-led coalition and Iraq, probably drove real annual GDP growth levels back below 1% in 2003 following growth of 3.5% in 2001 and 4.5% in 2002. A long-run economic constraint is the pressure on water supplies caused by rapid population growth, industrial expansion, and increased water pollution.
GDP:
purchasing power parity - $58.01 billion (2004 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 28.5%
industry: 29.4%
services: 42.1% (2003 est.)
Agriculture products:
wheat, barley, cotton, lentils, chickpeas, olives, sugar beets; beef, mutton, eggs, poultry, milk
Industries:
petroleum, textiles, food processing, beverages, tobacco, phosphate rock mining
Transportation
Waterways:
900 km (not economically significant) (2002)
Pipelines:
gas 2,300 km; oil 2,183 km (2003)
Ports and harbors:
Baniyas, Jablah, Latakia, Tartus
Merchant marine:
total: 122 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 446,981 GRT/636,620 DWT
foreign-owned: Egypt 1, Germany 1, Greece 1, Italy 1, Lebanon 10, Romania 1
registered in other countries: 83 (2003 est.)
by type: bulk 12, cargo 101, container 2, livestock carrier 4, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 1
Airports:
93 (2003 est.)
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