世界各国

Tajikistan

Introduction to Tajikistan

Tajikistan has completed its transition from the civil war that plagued the country from 1992 to 1997. There have been no major security incidents in more than two years, although the country remains the poorest in the region. Attention by the international community in the wake of the war in Afghanistan has brought increased economic development assistance, which could create jobs and increase stability in the long term. Tajikistan is in the early stages of seeking World Trade Organization membership and has joined NATO's Partnership for Peace.

Government

Capital:

Dushanbe 

Independence:

9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union) 

National holiday:

Independence Day (or National Day), 9 September (1991) 

Economy

Economy overview:

Tajikistan has the lowest per capita GDP among the 15 former Soviet republics. Only 5% to 6% of the land area is arable. Cotton is the most important crop. Mineral resources, varied but limited in amount, include silver, gold, uranium, and tungsten. Industry consists only of a large aluminum plant, hydropower facilities, and small obsolete factories mostly in light industry and food processing. The civil war (1992-97) severely damaged the already weak economic infrastructure and caused a sharp decline in industrial and agricultural production. Even though 60% of its people continue to live in abject poverty, Tajikistan has experienced steady economic growth since 1997. Continued privatization of medium and large state-owned enterprises will further increase productivity. Tajikistan's economic situation, however, remains fragile due to uneven implementation of structural reforms, weak governance, widespread unemployment, and the external debt burden. A debt restructuring agreement was reached with Russia in December 2002, including an interest rate of 4%, a 3-year grace period, and a US $49.8 million credit to the Central Bank of Tajikistan. 

GDP:

purchasing power parity - $6.812 billion (2004 est.) 

GDP - composition by sector:

agriculture: 30.8%
industry: 29.1%
services: 40.1% (2004 est.)

Agriculture products:

cotton, grain, fruits, grapes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats 

Industries:

aluminum, zinc, lead, chemicals and fertilizers, cement, vegetable oil, metal-cutting machine tools, refrigerators and freezers 

Transportation

Waterways:

200 km (along Vakhsh River) (2003)

Pipelines:

gas 540 km; oil 38 km (2003)

Airports:

66 (2003 est.)