世界各国

Tonga

Introduction to Tonga

The archipelago of "The Friendly Islands" was united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. It became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900. Tonga acquired its independence in 1970 and became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. It remains the only monarchy in the Pacific.

Government

Capital:

Nuku'alofa 

Independence:

4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate) 

National holiday:

Independence Day, 4 June (1970) 

Economy

Economy overview:

Tonga, a small, open, South Pacific island economy, has a narrow export base in agricultural goods. Squash, coconuts, bananas, and vanilla beans are the main crops, and agricultural exports make up two-thirds of total exports. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand. Tourism is the second-largest source of hard currency earnings following remittances. The country remains dependent on external aid and remittances from Tongan communities overseas to offset its trade deficit. The government is emphasizing the development of the private sector, especially the encouragement of investment, and is committing increased funds for health and education. Tonga has a reasonably sound basic infrastructure and well-developed social services. High unemployment among the young and the continuing upturn in inflation are major issues facing the government. 

GDP:

purchasing power parity - $236 million (2002 est.) 

GDP - composition by sector:

agriculture: 26%
industry: 12%
services: 62% (2002 est.)

Agriculture products:

squash, coconuts, copra, bananas, vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, ginger, black pepper; fish 

Industries:

tourism, fishing 

Transportation

Highways:

total: 680 km
paved: 184 km
unpaved: 496 km (1999 est.)

Ports and harbors:

Neiafu, Nuku'alofa, Pangai

Merchant marine:

total: 40 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 136,977 GRT/200,751 DWT
foreign-owned: Albania 1, Australia 4, Brazil 1, Cyprus 1, Egypt 1, Greece 1, Lebanon 1, Liberia 1, Marshall Islands 1, Norway 1, Panama 2, Romania 1, Russia 1, Saudi Arabia 1, Switzerland 3, Syria 1, United (2003 est.)
by type: bulk 3, cargo 21, chemical tanker 2, container 1, liquefied gas 4, petroleum tanker 5, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 1, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 1

Airports:

6 (2003 est.)

  妙文•上海妙文•北京妙文•广州